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Language Information

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Language name:	mnj
Alternate name:
Classification:
Audio resources	Global Recordings Network: https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/mnj Illustrations of the IPA: Munji. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47: 213-218.
Source:	Williamson, Paul. 2017. Illustrations of the IPA: Munji. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47: 213-218 Beyer, Daniela & Simone Beck. 2011. A linguistic assessment of the Munji language of Afghanistan. Language Documentation and Conservation 6: 38-103.
Coordinates:	Latitude:Longitude: Area:
Location:	Munjan and Mamalgha valleys, Kuran wa Munjan district, southern Badakshan province, northeastern Afghanistan
	Last change:

Count Information

count

Inventories

inventory

Vowels			front		central		back
			unrounded		unrounded		rounded
				long		long		long
high				iː				uː
lowered high			ɪ				ʊ
higher mid					ə
lower mid				ɛː				ɔː
low						aː

Consonants hide

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Consonants									bilabial		lab-den	alv	pal-alv	retroflex	palatal	velar	uvular	glottal
										velar
pulm	stop					-vless			p			t			c	k	q
	stop					-ved			b			d			ɟ	ɡ
	aff			sib		-vless						ts	t̠ʃ	ʈʂ
	aff			sib		-ved						dz	d̠ʒ	ɖʐ
	fric					-vless					f				ç	x		h
						-ved					v					ɣ
				sib		-vless						s	ʃ	ʂ
				sib		-ved						z	ʒ	ʐ
	nasal					-ved			m			n
	tap/flap					-ved						ɾ
	appr					-ved				w					j
	appr	lat				-ved						l

Comments

complement

Consonant notes :	Williamson's (2017: 217) statement that voiceless stops are aspirated ("strongly" in initial position) is not borne out by data in the recordings accompanying the IPA Illustration (e.g. mean VOT of 38 ms for /p/ onsets in stressed initial syllables in 4 tokens). Williamson (2017: 214-217) describes 8 consonants as "rare or marginal"; /ʈʂ, dz, dʐ/ are "quite rare"; contrast between retroflex /ʂ, ʐ/ and palato-alveolar /ʃ, ʒ/ "has largely been lost" (apparently in favor of the latter), while /q, h/ occur in borrowed words. In addition /ts, dz/ "occur in only a handful of words", so all affricates are rare. However, examples of all these sounds are listed, so they are included in the inventory.
Vowel notes :	Williamson (2017: 218) states that "there are five long vowels ... and three short vowels" but does not use a length mark in his transcription; the 3 short vowels are shown centralized in contrast to peripheral long vowels, suggesting the difference is regarded being as as much qualitative as quantitive, so 8 qualities are distinguished here. Examples in the Illustration show quite long vowels corresponding to the peripheral cases but word-final vowels appear to be lengthened regardless of status.
Stresscat:
Stress :	"Stress is usually on the first syllable of nouns, but there are a number of exceptions where the stress placement is part of the underlying form of word and is not predictable" (Williamson 2017: 216-217) "Both long and short vowels may be stressed" so stress is not obviously conditioned by weight.
Syllcat:		Syllabic index :	ONC :
Syllabic index Numeric values are given for the maximal degree of elaboration of the Onset, Nucleus and Coda elements separately, and these are summed to give an overall Syllable Index. Onset value are 0 for maximal one-consonant onset (since CV syllable is taken to be universal), 1 for common CC onsets (such as CG, CL), 2 for less common 2-consonant onsets, and 3 for maximally 3 or more consonants in onset. Nucleus scores are 1 for single-mora nuclei as the maximum, and 2 for bimoraic (or longer) nuclei. Coda scores are 1 for maximally a single consonant, 2 for two consonants and 3 for 3 or more consonants permitted in coda. The summed Syllable Index thus ranges from 1 for a languages such as Yoruba with maximal CV syllables to 8 for a language such as English which permits elaborate onset and coda clusters.
Canonical Form :	(C)(C)V(ː)(C)(C)	Syllabic Restriction :	(C)(C)V(ː)(C)(C)
Syllabic notes :	(C)(C)V(ː)(C)(C). Williamson(2017) makes no statement on syllable structure but the text includes a few examples of CC-onsets and -CC coda,, namely /fx-,ɣɾ/, and /-vd, -st, -ʃc/. In addition, the recorded example of "father-in-law, transcribed as /xʊ'sʊɾ/ is actually pronounced /'xsɛɾɛ/; "sparrow" is /'bɾaɣikɛ/, but "lukewarm', transcribed /pʈʂə/ has a clear vowel over 80 ms long (probably /ɪ/) between the two consonants. Examples in Beyer & Beck's (2011) wordlist include onsets /pj-, nj-, lj-, vj-, nw-, kw-, ʒj-, bɾ-, dɾ-, vɾ-, ɣɾ-, pʃ-, xʃ-, sp-, st-, ʃt-ʃk-, kp-/ and codas /-st,-sk, -çt, -ʃt, -ʃk, -ld. -nd, -ndʒ, -vd, -vz, -zn, -nɡ [ŋɡ], -ɣm, -ɾm, -ɾd, -ɾɡ, -ɾtʃ, -ɾʒ, -ɾx, -lb, -kɾ, -ɾq/. There is no evidence of longer strings in these sources.
Tonecat:
Tone :	None

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