LAPSyD - Lyon-Albuquerque Phonological Systems Database

Inventory from ian Public

Language Information

Language name:	apj
Alternate name:
Classification:
Audio resources	Global Recordings Networh: https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/3917 Illustrations of the IPA: Tuttle, Siri G. & Merton Sandoval. 2002. Jicarilla Apache. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32: 105-112.
Source:	Tuttle, Siri G. and Merton Sandoval. 2002. Illustrations of the IPA: Jicarilla Apache. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32: 105-112. Phone, Wilhelmina, Maureen Olson & Matilda Martinez. 2007. Dictionary of Jicarilla Apache: Abáachi Mizaa Iłkee' Siijai. Edited by Melissa Axelrod, Jule Gómez de García, Jordan Lachler, and Sean Burke. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Tuttle, Siri G. 2005. Duration, intonation and prominence in Apache. In Athabaskan Prosody. ed. by Hargus, Sharon; Rice, Keren. pp. 331–344. (not seen)
Coordinates:	Latitude:Longitude: Area:
Location:	Around Dulce, north-western New Mexico, USA.
	Last change:

Count Information

Inventories

Vowels		front		central		back
		unrounded		unrounded		rounded
			long		long		long
high		i	iː
high	nasalized	ĩ	ĩː
lowered high		ɪ				ʊ
higher mid		e	eː			o	oː
higher mid	nasalized	ẽ	ẽː			õ	õː
lower mid				ɜ
low				a	aː
low	nasalized			ã	ãː

Consonants hide

Consonants						bilabial	dental	alv	pal-alv	palatal	velar		glottal
												labialized
pulm	stop			-vless		p	t̪				k	kʷ	ʔ
				-vless	aspirated		t̪ʰ				kʰ	kʷʰ
				-ved			d̪
	aff		sib	-vless			t̪s̪		t̠ʃ
			sib	-vless	aspirated		t̪s̪ʰ		t̠ʃʰ
		lat		-vless				t̪ɬ̪
		lat		-vless	aspirated			t̪ɬ̪ʰ
	fric			-vless							x	xʷ
				-ved							ɣ	ɣʷ
			sib	-vless			s̪		ʃ
			sib	-ved			z̪		ʒ
		lat		-vless			ɬ̪
	nasal			-ved		m	n̪
	appr			-ved						j
	appr	lat		-ved			l̪
ejective	stop						t̪ʼ				kʼ
	aff		sib				t̪s̪ʼ		t̠ʃʼ
	aff	lat						t̪ɬ̪ʼ

Comments

Consonant notes :	Tuttle & Sandoval (2002) and Phone et al (2007) differ substantially on voicing characteristics of stops but the former is preferred here. Tuttle & Sandoval (2002: 106) place coronals in a column labeled 'dental' so they are transcribed as such here, although these consonants are labeled "alveolar" in Phone et al (2007). Phone et al (2007) include /b, w/ not mentioned by Tuttle & Sandoval (2002).
Vowel notes :	Tuttle & Sandoval (2002: 108) show 7 short vowels and 4 long vowels. No example of their (short) /ə/ is shown in their text but there is probably an error in showing <zas> "snow" as /z̪as̪/ rather than /z̪əs̪/, and no cases of /ə/ occur in the transcription of the recorded passage. Tuttle & Sandoval (2002) transcribe the mid vowels with <ɛ, o> but place both on the vowel chart in higher mid position (whereas their <ə> is placed lower). These vowels are therefore represented here as /e, o, ɜ/ respectively. They state that "there are phonemically oral and nasal[ized] versions of each vowel" but only illustrate 4 short and 4 long nasalized vowels. It is assumed that these are the only ones that occur. This agrees with Phone et al (2007: 14), who also propose only four short oral vowels.
Stresscat:
Stress :	"Stress is heard on verb and noun stems. and tends to fall on the last member of a compound made up of more than one stem" (Tuttle & Sandoval 2002: 110). This suggests an audible stress pattern but with no contrastive function.
Syllcat:		Syllabic index :	ONC :
Syllabic index Numeric values are given for the maximal degree of elaboration of the Onset, Nucleus and Coda elements separately, and these are summed to give an overall Syllable Index. Onset value are 0 for maximal one-consonant onset (since CV syllable is taken to be universal), 1 for common CC onsets (such as CG, CL), 2 for less common 2-consonant onsets, and 3 for maximally 3 or more consonants in onset. Nucleus scores are 1 for single-mora nuclei as the maximum, and 2 for bimoraic (or longer) nuclei. Coda scores are 1 for maximally a single consonant, 2 for two consonants and 3 for 3 or more consonants permitted in coda. The summed Syllable Index thus ranges from 1 for a languages such as Yoruba with maximal CV syllables to 8 for a language such as English which permits elaborate onset and coda clusters.
Canonical Form :	(C)(C)V(ː)(C)	Syllabic Restriction :	(C)(C)V(ː)(C)
Syllabic notes :	(C)(C)V(ː)(C) judging from Tuttle & Sandoval (2002: 110). "Within stems, syllables may be CV, CVC or CVːC ... When prefixes are added to a stem, clusters may occur which begin with /t/, /ʔ/, voiceless fricatives and the nasal /n/." The nasal is often syllabic in such cases.
Tonecat:
Tone :	Tuttle & Sandoval (2002: 109) report 3 tones, High Low and Falling. Falling tones are mostly in loanwords "but they also result from historical lenition and deletion of consonants"

Syllabic index